Sorted by reduction potential.
Li+ + e− | → | Li | −3.05 | Keefe |
Li+(aq) + e− | → | Li(s) | −3.05 | Stretton |
Li+ + e− | → | Li(s) | −3.045 | EMS |
Ca(OH)2(s) + 2e− | → | Ca(s) + 2OH− | −3.03 | EMS |
K+ + e− | → | K | −2.93 | Keefe |
Rb+ + e− | → | Rb | −2.93 | Keefe |
Rb+ + e− | → | Rb(s) | −2.93 | EMS |
Rb+(aq) + e− | → | Rb(s) | −2.93 | Stretton |
K+ + e− | → | K(s) | −2.925 | EMS |
Cs+ + e− | → | Cs | −2.92 | Keefe |
Ra2+ + 2e− | → | Ra | −2.92 | Keefe |
Ra2+ + 2e− | → | Ra(s) | −2.92 | EMS |
Cs+(aq) +e− | → | Cs(s) | −2.92 | Stretton |
K+(aq) + e− | → | K(s) | −2.92 | Stretton |
Cs+ + e− | → | Cs(s) | −2.91 | EMS |
Ba2+ + 2e− | → | Ba(s) | −2.906 | EMS |
La(OH)3(s) + 3e− | → | La(s) + 3OH− | −2.90 | EMS |
Ba2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Ba(s) | −2.90 | Stretton |
Sr2+ + 2e− | → | Sr | −2.89 | Keefe |
Sr2+ + 2e− | → | Sr(s) | −2.89 | EMS |
Sr2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Sr(s) | −2.89 | Stretton |
Ca2+ + 2e− | → | Ca | −2.87 | Keefe |
Ca2+ + 2e− | → | Ca(s) | −2.866 | EMS |
Al3+ + 2e− | → | Al+ | −2.76 | EMS |
Ca2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Ca(s) | −2.76 | Stretton |
Na+ + e− | → | Na(s) | −2.714 | EMS |
Na+ + e− | → | Na | −2.71 | Keefe |
Na+(aq) + e− | → | Na(s) | −2.71 | Stretton |
Mg(OH)2(s) + 2e− | → | Mg(s) + 2OH− | −2.69 | EMS |
Be2O32− + 3H2O + 4e− | → | 2Be(s) + 6OH− | −2.62 | EMS |
La3+ + 3e− | → | La | −2.52 | Keefe |
La3+ + 3e− | → | La(s) | −2.52 | EMS |
HfO(OH)2(s) + H2O + 4e− | → | Hf(s) + 4OH− | −2.50 | EMS |
Ce3+ + 3e− | → | Ce | −2.48 | Keefe |
Ce3+ + 3e− | → | Ce(s) | −2.48 | EMS |
Th(OH)4(s) + 4e− | → | Th(s) + 4OH− | −2.48 | EMS |
Pu(OH)3(s) + 3e− | → | Pu(s) + 3OH− | −2.42 | EMS |
UO2(s) + 2H2O + 4e− | → | U(s) + 4OH− | −2.39 | EMS |
Y3+(aq) + 3e− | → | Y(s) | −2.37 | Stretton |
Mg2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Mg(s) | −2.37 | Stretton |
Mg2+ + 2e− | → | Mg(s) | −2.363 | EMS |
Mg2+ + 2e− | → | Mg | −2.36 | Keefe |
H2ZrO3(s) + H2O + 4e− | → | Zr(s) + 4OH− | −2.36 | EMS |
La3+(aq) + 3e− | → | La(s) | −2.36 | Stretton |
Al(OH)3(s) + 3e− | → | Al(s) + 3OH− | −2.31 | EMS |
H2(g) + 2e− | → | 2H− | −2.25 | EMS |
U(OH)3(s) + 3e− | → | U(s) + 3OH− | −2.17 | EMS |
BaO + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Ba(s) + H2O | −2.166 | EMS |
Sc3+ + 3e− | → | Sc(s) | −2.08 | EMS |
AlF63− + 3e− | → | Al(s) + 6F− | −2.07 | EMS |
Pu3+ + 3e− | → | Pu(s) | −2.03 | EMS |
Sc3+(aq) + 3e− | → | Sc(s) | −2.02 | Stretton |
CaO + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Ca(s) + H2O | −1.90 | EMS |
Th4+ + 4e− | → | Th(s) | −1.90 | EMS |
Be2+ + 2e− | → | Be | −1.85 | Keefe |
Be2+ + 2e− | → | Be(s) | −1.85 | EMS |
U3+ + 3e− | → | U(s) | −1.798 | EMS |
U3+ + 3e− | → | U | −1.79 | Keefe |
U3+(aq) + 3e− | → | U(s) | −1.79 | Stretton |
MgO(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Mg(s) + H2O | −1.722 | EMS |
Hf4+ + 4e− | → | Hf(s) | −1.70 | EMS |
HfO2+ + 2H+ + 4e− | → | Hf(s) + H2O | −1.70 | EMS |
Al3+ + 3e− | → | Al(s) | −1.662 | EMS |
Al3+ + 3e− | → | Al | −1.66 | Keefe |
Al3+(aq) + 3e− | → | Al(s) | −1.66 | Stretton |
Ti2+ + 2e− | → | Ti | −1.63 | Keefe |
Ti2+ + 2e− | → | Ti(s) | −1.630 | EMS |
Ti2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Ti(s) | −1.63 | Stretton |
HfO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Hf(s) + 2H2O | −1.57 | EMS |
ZrO2+ + 2H+ + 4e− | → | Zr(s) + H2O | −1.570 | EMS |
ZrO2·2H2O + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Zr(s) + 4H2O | −1.553 | EMS |
Mn(OH)2(s) + 2e− | → | Mn(s) + 2OH− | −1.55 | EMS |
Zr4+ + 4e− | → | Zr(s) | −1.539 | EMS |
ZrO2·H2O(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Zr(s) + 3H2O | −1.533 | EMS |
Pb(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | PbH2 | −1.507 | EMS |
ZrO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Zr(s) + 2H2O | −1.456 | EMS |
UO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | U(s) + 2H2O | −1.444 | EMS |
ZnS(s) + 2e− | → | Zn(s) + S2− | −1.40 | EMS |
HZrO3− + 5H+ + 4e− | → | Zr(s) + 3H2O | −1.276 | EMS |
AlO2− + 4H+ + 3e− | → | Al(s) + 2H2O | −1.262 | EMS |
Zn(CN)42+ + 2e− | → | Zn(s) + 4CN− | −1.26 | EMS |
Zn(OH)2(s) + 2e− | → | Zn(s) + 2OH− | −1.245 | EMS |
H2GaO3− + 3e− | → | Ga(s) + 4OH− | −1.22 | EMS |
ZnO22− + 2H2O + 2e− | → | Zn(s) + 4OH− | −1.216 | EMS |
ZnO2−(aq) + 2 H2O(l)+ 2e− | → | Zn(s) + 4OH−(aq) | −1.216 | Stretton |
SiF62− + 4e− | → | Si(s) + 6F− | −1.2 | EMS |
V2+ + 2e− | → | V | −1.19 | Keefe |
TiF62− + 4e− | → | Ti(s) + 6F− | −1.19 | EMS |
Mn2+ + 2e− | → | Mn | −1.18 | Keefe |
Mn2+ + 2e− | → | Mn(s) | −1.180 | EMS |
V2+ + 2e− | → | V(s) | −1.18 | EMS |
V2+(aq) + 2e− | → | V(s) | −1.18 | Stretton |
CdS(s) + 2e− | → | Cd(s) + S2− | −1.17 | EMS |
N2(g) + 4 H2O(l) + 4e− | → | N2O4(aq) +4 OH−(aq) | −1.16 | Stretton |
Te(s) + 2e− | → | Te2− | −1.14 | EMS |
Nb3+ + 3e− | → | Nb(s) | −1.1 | EMS |
Cd(CN)42− + 2e− | → | Cd(s) + 4CN− | −1.09 | EMS |
Sn(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | SnH4(g) | −1.074 | EMS |
MoO42− + 4H2O + 6e− | → | Mo(s) + 8OH− | −1.05 | EMS |
BF4− + 3e− | → | B(s) + 4F− | −1.04 | EMS |
Zn(NH3)42+ + 2e− | → | Zn(s) + 4NH3 | −1.04 | EMS |
In(OH)3 + 3e− | → | In(s) + 3OH− | −1.0 | EMS |
NiS(s) + 2e− | → | Ni(s) + S2− | −0.99 | EMS |
CNO− + 2H2O + 2e− | → | CN− + 2OH− | −0.97 | EMS |
Pu(OH)4(s) + e− | → | Pu(OH)3(s) + OH− | −0.95 | EMS |
2H3PO4 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H4P2O6 + 2H2O | −0.94 | EMS |
SO42− + 4H2O + 2e− | → | SO3− + 2OH− | −0.93 | EMS |
Se(s) + 2e− | → | Se2− | −0.924 | EMS |
Cr2+ + 2e− | → | Cr | −0.91 | Keefe |
Cr2+ + 2e− | → | Cr(s) | −0.91 | EMS |
Cr2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Cr(s) | −0.91 | Stretton |
TiIV + 4e− | → | Ti(s) | −0.88 | EMS |
Fe(OH)2(s) + 2e− | → | Fe(s)+ 2 OH−(aq) | −0.88 | Stretton |
B(OH)3 + 3H+ + 3e− | → | B(s) + 3H2O | −0.87 | EMS |
H3BO3 + 3H+ + 3e− | → | B(s) + 3H2O | −0.869 | EMS |
SiO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Si(s) + 2H2O | −0.86 | EMS |
H2B4O7 + 12H+ + 12e− | → | 4B(s) + 7H2O | −0.836 | EMS |
2H2O + 2e− | → | H2 + 2OH− | −0.83 | Keefe |
2H2O + 2e− | → | H2(g) + 2OH− | −0.83 | EMS |
2 H2O(l) + 2e− | → | H2(g)+ 2 OH−(aq) | −0.83 | Stretton |
Cd(OH)2 + 2e− | → | Cd + 2OH− | −0.81 | Keefe |
Cd(OH)2(s) + 2e− | → | Cd(s) + 2OH− | −0.81 | EMS |
Ta2O5 + 10H+ + 10e− | → | 2Ta(s) + 5H2O | −0.81 | EMS |
Cd(OH)2(s) + 2e− | → | Cd(s)+ 2 OH−(aq) | −0.81 | Stretton |
Bi(s) + 3H+ + 3e− | → | BiH3(g) | −0.800 | EMS |
B4O72− + 14H+ + 12e− | → | 4B(s) + 7H2O | −0.792 | EMS |
H2SiO3 + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Si(s) + 3H2O | −0.780 | EMS |
TlI(s) + e− | → | Tl(s) + I− | −0.766 | EMS |
Zn2+ + 2e− | → | Zn(s) | −0.763 | EMS |
Zn2+ + 2e− | → | Zn | −0.76 | Keefe |
Zn2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Zn(s) | −0.76 | Stretton |
Cr3+ + 3e− | → | Cr(s) | −0.744 | EMS |
Cr3+ + 3e− | → | Cr | −0.74 | Keefe |
Cr3−(aq) + 3e− | → | Cr(s) | −0.74 | Stretton |
Te(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H2Te(g) | −0.739 | EMS |
Co(OH)2(s) + 2e− | → | Co(s) + 2OH− | −0.73 | EMS |
Ni3O4(s) + 2H2O + 2e− | → | 3HNiO2− + H+ | −0.718 | EMS |
Ag2S(s) + 2e− | → | 2Ag(s) + S2− | −0.712 | EMS |
HgS(s) + 2e− | → | Hg + S2− | −0.70 | EMS |
H2BO3− + 4H+ + 3e− | → | B(s) + 3H2O | −0.687 | EMS |
H2AsO3− + H2O + 3e− | → | As(s) + 4OH− | −0.68 | EMS |
AsO43− + 3H2O + 2e− | → | H2AsO3− + 4OH− | −0.67 | EMS |
HgS(s) + 2e− | → | Hg(l) + S2− | −0.67 | EMS |
TiO2(s) + 4H+ + e− | → | Ti3+ + H2O | −0.666 | EMS |
TlBr(s) + e− | → | Tl(s) + Br− | −0.657 | EMS |
Nb2O5(s) + 10H+ + 10e− | → | 2Nb(s) + 5H2O | −0.65 | EMS |
HSiO3− + 5H+ + 4e− | → | Si(s) + 3H2O | −0.632 | EMS |
NbO(SO4)2− + 2H+ + 5e− | → | Nb(s) + H2O + 2SO42− | −0.63 | EMS |
N3− + 7H2O + 6e− | → | N2H4 + NH3(g) + 7OH− | −0.62 | EMS |
U4+ + e− | → | U3+ | −0.61 | Keefe |
Cd(NH3)42+ + 2e− | → | Cd(s) + 4NH3 | −0.61 | EMS |
As(s) + 3H+ + 3e− | → | AsH3(g) | −0.608 | EMS |
U4+ + e− | → | U3+ | −0.607 | EMS |
ReO4− + 2H2O + 3e− | → | ReO2(s) + 4OH− | −0.595 | EMS |
ReO4− + 4H2O + 7e− | → | Re(s) + 8OH− | −0.584 | EMS |
PbO(s) + H2O(l) + 2e− | → | Pb(s) + 2 OH−(aq) | −0.58 | Stretton |
O2 + e− | → | O2− | −0.56 | Keefe |
Ga3+ + 3e− | → | Ga(s) | −0.56 | EMS |
Ga3+(aq) + 3e− | → | Ga(s) | −0.56 | Stretton |
TlCl(s) + e− | → | Tl(s) + Cl− | −0.557 | EMS |
Al+ + e− | → | Al(s) | −0.55 | EMS |
UOH3+ + H+ + e− | → | U3+ + H2O | −0.538 | EMS |
S22− + 2e− | → | 2S2− | −0.524 | EMS |
Sb(s) + 3H+ + 3e− | → | SbH3(g) | −0.510 | EMS |
Se(s) + H+ + 2e− | → | HSe− | −0.510 | EMS |
H3PO3 + 3H+ + 3e− | → | P + 3H2O | −0.502 | EMS |
TiO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Ti2+ + H2O | −0.502 | EMS |
H3PO3 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H3PO2 + H2O | −0.499 | EMS |
In3+ + e− | → | In2+ | −0.49 | Keefe |
2CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H2C2O4 | −0.49 | EMS |
Ni(NH3)62+ + 2e− | → | Ni(s) + 6NH3 | −0.49 | EMS |
S + 2e− | → | S2− | −0.48 | Keefe |
S(s) + 2e− | → | S2− | −0.476 | EMS |
H2PO3− + 4H+ + 3e− | → | P + 3H2O | −0.467 | EMS |
Bi2O3(s) + 3H2O + 6e− | → | 2Bi(s) + 6OH− | −0.46 | EMS |
SiO32− + 6H+ + 4e− | → | Si(s) + 3H2O | −0.455 | EMS |
H3PO3 + 3H+ + 3e− | → | P + 3H2O | −0.454 | EMS |
H2PO4− + H+ + 2e− | → | HPO32− + H2O | −0.447 | EMS |
Fe2+ + 2e− | → | Fe | −0.44 | Keefe |
In3+ + 2e− | → | In+ | −0.44 | Keefe |
Fe2+ + 2e− | → | Fe(s) | −0.440 | EMS |
Fe2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Fe(s) | −0.44 | Stretton |
HBO32− + 5H+ + 3e− | → | B(s) + 3H2O | −0.437 | EMS |
H2PO3− + 4H+ + 3e− | → | P + 3H2O | −0.419 | EMS |
H3PO4 + 5H+ + 5e− | → | P + 4H2O | −0.411 | EMS |
Cr3+ + e− | → | Cr2+ | −0.41 | Keefe |
2H+ + 2e− | → | H2(g) | −0.41 | EMS |
Cr3+ + e− | → | Cr2+ | −0.408 | EMS |
In3+ + 2e− | → | In+ | −0.404 | EMS |
Cd2+ + 2e− | → | Cd(s) | −0.403 | EMS |
Cd2+ + 2e− | → | Cd | −0.40 | Keefe |
In2+ + e− | → | In+ | −0.40 | Keefe |
Ga3+ + 2e− | → | Ga+ | −0.4 | EMS |
Ni(CN)42− + e− | → | Ni(CN)3− + CN− | −0.4 | EMS |
Cd2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Cd(s) | −0.40 | Stretton |
Se(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H2Se(g) | −0.399 | EMS |
Pb3O4(s) + 2H2O + 2e− | → | 3HPbO2− + H+ | −0.390 | EMS |
H2PO4− + 6H+ + 5e− | → | P + 4H2O | −0.386 | EMS |
H3PO4 + 5H+ + 5e− | → | P + 4H2O | −0.383 | EMS |
SiO2(s) + 8H+ + 8e− | → | SiH4(g) + 2H2O | −0.377 | EMS |
NbV + 2e− | → | NbIII | −0.373 | EMS |
Ti3+ + e− | → | Ti2+ | −0.37 | Keefe |
Hg(CN)42− + 2e− | → | Hg(l) + 4CN− | −0.37 | EMS |
Se(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H2Se(g) | −0.369 | EMS |
Ti3+ + e− | → | Ti2+ | −0.369 | EMS |
PbSO4 + 2e− | → | Pb + SO42− | −0.36 | Keefe |
PbSO4(s) + 2e− | → | Pb(s)+ SO42−(aq) | −0.36 | Stretton |
H2PO4− + 6H+ + 5e− | → | P + 4H2O | −0.358 | EMS |
PbSO4 + 2e− | → | Pb(s) + SO42− | −0.350 | EMS |
HPO32− + 5H+ + 3e− | → | P + 3H2O | −0.346 | EMS |
In3+ + 3e− | → | In(s) | −0.345 | EMS |
TlOH + e− | → | Tl(s) + OH− | −0.344 | EMS |
NbO3+ + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Nb3+ + H2O | −0.343 | EMS |
Tl+ + e− | → | Tl | −0.34 | Keefe |
In3+(aq) + 3e− | → | In(s) | −0.34 | Stretton |
Tl+(aq) + e− | → | Tl(s) | −0.34 | Stretton |
H2SiO3 + 8H+ + 8e− | → | SiH4(g) + 3H2O | −0.339 | EMS |
Tl+ + e− | → | Tl(s) | −0.336 | EMS |
H3PO4 + H+ + 2e− | → | H2PO3− + H2O | −0.329 | EMS |
HPO42− + 7H+ + 5e− | → | P + 4H2O | −0.316 | EMS |
Ag(CN)2− + e− | → | Ag(s) + 2CN− | −0.31 | EMS |
HPO32− + 5H+ + 3e− | → | P + 3H2O | −0.298 | EMS |
GeO(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Ge(s) + H2O | −0.29 | EMS |
Pb2+ + 2e− | → | Pb(s) | −0.29 | EMS |
HPO42− + 7H+ + 5e− | → | P + 4H2O | −0.288 | EMS |
H3PO4 + 8H+ + 8e− | → | PH3(g) + 4H2O | −0.281 | EMS |
Co2+ + 2e− | → | Co | −0.28 | Keefe |
Co2+(aq) +2e− | → | Co(s) | −0.28 | Stretton |
Co2+ + 2e− | → | Co(s) | −0.277 | EMS |
H3PO4 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H3PO3 + H2O | −0.276 | EMS |
H2PO4− + 9H+ + 8e− | → | PH3(g) + 4H2O | −0.265 | EMS |
HSiO3− + 9H+ + 8e− | → | SiH4(g) + 3H2O | −0.265 | EMS |
V3+ + e− | → | V2+ | −0.26 | Keefe |
H2PO4− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H2PO3− + H2O | −0.260 | EMS |
V3+ + e− | → | V2+ | −0.256 | EMS |
GeO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Ge2+ + 2H2O | −0.25 | EMS |
Ni2+ + 2e− | → | Ni(s) | −0.250 | EMS |
Ni2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Ni(s) | −0.25 | Stretton |
Mn(CN)63− + e− | → | Mn(CN)64− | −0.244 | EMS |
HPO42− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | HPO32− + H2O | −0.234 | EMS |
Ni2+ + 2e− | → | Ni | −0.23 | Keefe |
N2(g) + 5H+ + 4e− | → | N2H5+ | −0.23 | EMS |
HPO42− + 10H+ + 8e− | → | PH3(g) + 4H2O | −0.212 | EMS |
V3+ + e− | → | V2+ | −0.21 | EMS |
CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | HCOOH | −0.20 | EMS |
MoIII + 3e− | → | Mo(s) | −0.2 | EMS |
CuI(s) + e− | → | Cu(s) + I− | −0.185 | EMS |
SiO32− + 10H+ + 8e− | → | SiH4(g) + 3H2O | −0.176 | EMS |
BO33− + 6H+ + 3e− | → | B(s) + 3H2O | −0.165 | EMS |
HMnO2− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | Mn(s) + 2H2O | −0.163 | EMS |
Sn2+ + 2e− | → | Sn(s) | −0.16 | EMS |
PO43− + 8H+ + 5e− | → | P + 4H2O | −0.156 | EMS |
AgI(s) + e− | → | Ag(s) + I− | −0.151 | EMS |
AgI + e− | → | Ag + I− | −0.15 | Keefe |
OsO2(s) + 2H2O + 4e− | → | Os(s) + 4OH− | −0.15 | EMS |
AgI(s) + e− | → | Ag(s) +I−(aq) | −0.15 | Stretton |
In+ + e− | → | In | −0.14 | Keefe |
Sn2+ + 2e− | → | Sn | −0.14 | Keefe |
Pb2+ + 2e− | → | Pb(s) | −0.14 | EMS |
Sn2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Sn(s) | −0.14 | Stretton |
Sn2+ + 2e− | → | Sn(s) | −0.136 | EMS |
TiO2+ + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Ti2+ + H2O | −0.135 | EMS |
Pb2+ + 2e− | → | Pb | −0.13 | Keefe |
CrO42− + 4H2O + 3e− | → | Cr(OH)3(s) + 5OH− | −0.13 | EMS |
H2GeO3 + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Ge(s) + 3H2O | −0.13 | EMS |
Pb2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Pb(s) | −0.13 | Stretton |
PO43− + 8H+ + 5e− | → | P + 4H2O | −0.128 | EMS |
Pb2+ + 2e− | → | Pb(s) | −0.126 | EMS |
PO43− + 11H+ + 8e− | → | PH3(g) + 4H2O | −0.123 | EMS |
CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | CO(g) + H2O | −0.12 | EMS |
Cu(NH3)2+ + e− | → | Cu(s) + 2NH3 | −0.12 | EMS |
WO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | W(s) + 2H2O | −0.12 | EMS |
P + 3H+ + 3e− | → | PH3(g) | −0.111 | EMS |
NbO(SO4)2− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Nb3+ + H2O + 2SO42− | −0.1 | EMS |
TiIV + e− | → | TiIII | −0.092 | EMS |
WO3(s) + 6H+ + 6e− | → | W(s) + 3H2O | −0.09 | EMS |
VOH2+ + H+ + e− | → | V2+ + H2O | −0.082 | EMS |
O2 + H2O + 2e− | → | HO2− + OH− | −0.08 | Keefe |
Cu(NH3)42+ + 2e− | → | Cu(s) + 4NH3 | −0.07 | EMS |
S(s) + H+ + 2e− | → | HS− | −0.065 | EMS |
P + 3H+ + 3e− | → | PH3(g) | −0.063 | EMS |
HZnO2− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | Zn(s) + 2H2O | −0.054 | EMS |
VO2+ + e− | → | VO+ | −0.044 | EMS |
Fe3+ + 3e− | → | Fe | −0.04 | Keefe |
Fe3+ + 3e− | → | Fe(s) | −0.04 | EMS |
Hg2I2(s) + 2e− | → | 2Hg(l) + 2I− | −0.04 | EMS |
Ag2S(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | 2Ag(s) + H2S(g) | −0.036 | EMS |
W2O5(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | 2WO2(s) + H2O | −0.031 | EMS |
2WO3(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | W2O5(s) + H2O | −0.029 | EMS |
Cu(NH3)42+ + e− | → | Cu(NH3)2+ + 2NH3 | −0.01 | EMS |
GeO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Ge + 2H2O | −0.01 | EMS |
2H+ + 2e− | → | H2(g) | −0.005 | EMS |
2H+ + 2e− | → | H2(g) | −0.005 | EMS |
2H+ + 2e− | → | H2 | 0 | Keefe |
Ti4+ + e− | → | Ti3+ | 0.00 | Keefe |
Ge2+ + 2e− | → | Ge(s) | 0.00 | EMS |
2H+ + 2e− | → | H2(g) | 0.000 | EMS |
2 H+(aq) + 2e− | → | H2(g) | 0.00 | Stretton |
S52− + 5H+ + 8e− | → | 5HS− | +0.003 | EMS |
Sn4+ + 4e− | → | Sn(s) | +0.01 | EMS |
Ag(S2O3)23− + e− | → | Ag(s) + 2S2O32− | +0.017 | EMS |
Tl2O3 + 3H2O + 4e− | → | 2Tl+ + 6OH− | +0.02 | EMS |
S2O62− + 2e− | → | 2SO32− | +0.026 | EMS |
S42− + 4H+ + 6e− | → | 4HS− | +0.033 | EMS |
TiO2+ + 2H+ + e− | → | Ti3+ + H2O | +0.04 | EMS |
WO42− + 8H+ + 6e− | → | W(s) + 4H2O | +0.049 | EMS |
SeO42− + H2O + 2e− | → | SeO32− + 2OH− | +0.05 | EMS |
UO22+ + e− | → | UO2+ | +0.052 | EMS |
N2(g) + 6H+ + 6e− | → | 2NH3(g) | +0.057 | EMS |
Pd(OH)2(s) + 2e− | → | Pd(s) + 2OH− | +0.07 | EMS |
AgBr(s) + e− | → | Ag(s)+ Br−(aq) | +0.07 | Stretton |
AgBr + e− | → | Ag + Br− | +0.0713 | Keefe |
AgBr(s) + e− | → | Ag(s) + Br− | +0.073 | EMS |
O2(g) + H2O + 2e− | → | HO2− + OH− | +0.076 | EMS |
S4O62− + 2e− | → | 2S2O32− | +0.08 | EMS |
N2(g) + 2H2O + 6H+ + 6e− | → | 2NH·H2O | +0.092 | EMS |
S32− + 3H+ + 4e− | → | 3HS− | +0.097 | EMS |
TiO2+ + 2H+ + e− | → | Ti3+ + H2O | +0.099 | EMS |
NO3− + H2O + 2e− | → | NO2− + 2OH− | +0.10 | Keefe |
Co(NH3)63+ + e− | → | Co(NH3)62+ | +0.1 | EMS |
HgO(s) + H2O + 2e− | → | Hg(l) + 2OH− | +0.10 | EMS |
IrO2(s) + 2H2O + 4e− | → | Ir(s) + 4OH− | +0.1 | EMS |
Ir2O3 + 3H2O + 6e− | → | 2Ir(s) + 6OH− | +0.1 | EMS |
Mn(OH)3(s) + e− | → | Mn(OH)2(s) + 2OH− | +0.1 | EMS |
OsO42− + 2H2O + 2e− | → | OsO2(s) + 4OH− | +0.1 | EMS |
Si(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | SiH4(g) | +0.102 | EMS |
PO43− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | HPO32− + H2O | +0.121 | EMS |
TeO2+ + 5H+ + 6e− | → | H2Te(g) + 2H2O | +0.121 | EMS |
VO+ + 2H+ + e− | → | V2+ + H2O | +0.126 | EMS |
Te4+ + 2H+ + 6e− | → | H2Te(g) | +0.132 | EMS |
Hg2Br2(s) + 2e− | → | 2Hg(l) + 2Br− | +0.14 | EMS |
Sn4+ + 2e− | → | Sn2+ | +0.14 | EMS |
S(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2e− | → | H2S(g) | +0.14 | Stretton |
S(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H2S(g) | +0.141 | EMS |
SO42− + 8H+ + 8e− | → | S2− + 4H2O | +0.149 | EMS |
Sn4+ + 2e− | → | Sn2+ | +0.15 | Keefe |
Pt(OH)2(s) + 2e− | → | Pt(s) + 2OH− | +0.15 | EMS |
Sn4+(aq) + 2e− | → | Sn2+(aq) | +0.15 | Stretton |
Sb2O3(s) + 6H+ + 6e− | → | 2Sb(s) + 3H2O | +0.152 | EMS |
Cu2+ + e− | → | Cu+ | +0.153 | EMS |
MoO42− + 8H+ + 6e− | → | Mo(s) + 4H2O | +0.154 | EMS |
Sn4+ + 2e− | → | Sn2+ | +0.154 | EMS |
Cu2+ + e− | → | Cu+ | +0.16 | Keefe |
BiOCl(s) + 2H+ + 3e− | → | Bi(s) + H2O + Cl− | +0.160 | EMS |
BiCl4− + 3e− | → | Bi(s) + 4Cl− | +0.16 | EMS |
Cu2+(aq) + e− | → | Cu+(aq) | +0.16 | Stretton |
V2O3 + 6H+ + 2e− | → | 2V2+ + 3H2O | +0.161 | EMS |
VO2+ + H+ + e− | → | VOH2+ | +0.164 | EMS |
S4O62−(aq) + 2e− | → | 2 S2O32−(aq) | +0.169 | Stretton |
CoO(OH)(s) + H2O + e− | → | Co(OH)2(s) + OH− | +0.17 | EMS |
SO42− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | H2SO3 + H2O | +0.172 | EMS |
SO42−(aq) + 4H+(aq)+ 2e− | → | H2SO3(aq) + H2O(l) | +0.172 | Stretton |
Bi3+ + 3e− | → | Bi | +0.20 | Keefe |
2Cu2+ + H2O + 2e− | → | Cu2O(s) + 2H+ | +0.20 | EMS |
MnO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Mn2+ + 2H2O | +0.21 | EMS |
SbO+ + 2H+ + 3e− | → | Sb(s) + H2O | +0.212 | EMS |
Bi3+ + 3e− | → | Bi(s) | +0.215 | EMS |
AgCl + e− | → | Ag + Cl− | +0.22 | Keefe |
AgCl(s) + e− | → | Ag(s) + Cl− | +0.222 | EMS |
AgCl(s) + e− | → | Ag(s)+ Cl−(aq) | +0.2223 | Stretton |
Ag+ + e− | → | Ag(s) | +0.228 | EMS |
AgCl(s) + e− | → | Ag(s) + Cl− | +0.228 | EMS |
HSbO2 + 3H+ + 3e− | → | Sb(s) + 2H2O | +0.230 | EMS |
SO32− + 6H+ + 6e− | → | S2− + 3H2O | +0.231 | EMS |
As2O3(s) + 6H+ + 6e− | → | 2As(s) + 3H2O | +0.234 | EMS |
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e− | → | 2Hg(l) + 2Cl− | +0.244 | EMS |
V2O4 + 4H+ + 2e− | → | 2VO+ + 2H2O | +0.246 | EMS |
H3AsO3 + 3H+ + 3e− | → | As(s) + 3H2O | +0.248 | EMS |
Pb3O4(s) + H2O + 2e− | → | 3PbO(s) + 2OH− | +0.249 | EMS |
PbO(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Pb(s) + H2O | +0.249 | EMS |
PbO2(s) + H2O(l) + 2e− | → | PbO(s) + 2 OH−(aq) | +0.25 | Stretton |
SO42− + 9H+ + 8e− | → | HS− + 4H2O | +0.252 | EMS |
AsO+ + 2H+ + 3e− | → | As(s) + H2O | +0.254 | EMS |
BiOH2+ + H+ + 3e− | → | Bi(s) + H2O | +0.254 | EMS |
ReO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Re(s) + 2H2O | +0.26 | EMS |
U3O8(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | 3UO2 + 2H2O | +0.260 | EMS |
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e− | → | 2Hg(l) + 2Cl− | +0.268 | EMS |
Hg2Cl2 + 2e− | → | 2Hg + Cl− | +0.27 | Keefe |
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e− | → | 2 Hg(l)+ 2 Cl−(aq) | +0.27 | Stretton |
Hg22+ + 2e− | → | 2Hg(l) | +0.274 | EMS |
N2(g) + 8H+ + 6e− | → | 2NH4+ | +0.275 | EMS |
SeO32− + 6H+ + 6e− | → | Se2− + 3H2O | +0.276 | EMS |
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e− | → | 2Hg(l) + 2Cl− | +0.282 | EMS |
HSO4− + 9H+ + 8e− | → | H2S(g) + 4H2O | +0.289 | EMS |
Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 12e− | → | 2Cr(s) + 7H2O | +0.29 | EMS |
3PbO2(s) + 2H2O + 4e− | → | Pb3O4(s) + 4OH− | +0.295 | EMS |
S22− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | 2HS− | +0.298 | EMS |
UO22+ + 3H+ + 2e− | → | UOH3+ + H2O | +0.299 | EMS |
HOsO5− + 2e− | → | OsO42− + OH− | +0.3 | EMS |
Re3+ +3e− | → | Re(s) | +0.3 | EMS |
RuCl5− + 2e− | → | Ru2+ + 5Cl− | +0.3 | EMS |
SO42− + 10H+ + 8e− | → | H2S(g) + 4H2O | +0.303 | EMS |
BiO+ + 2H+ + 3e− | → | Bi(s) + H2O | +0.320 | EMS |
2HCNO + 2H+ + 2e− | → | (CN)2(g) + 2H2O | +0.33 | EMS |
ClO3− + H2O + 2e− | → | ClO2− + 2OH− | +0.33 | EMS |
HSnO2− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | Sn(s) + 2H2O | +0.333 | EMS |
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e− | → | 2Hg(l) + 2Cl− | +0.334 | EMS |
UO22+ + 4H+ + 2e− | → | U4+ + 2H2O | +0.334 | EMS |
Cu2+ + 2e− | → | Cu(s) | +0.337 | EMS |
HSO4− + 7H+ + 6e− | → | S(s) + 4H2O | +0.339 | EMS |
Cu2+ + 2e− | → | Cu | +0.34 | Keefe |
In3+ + 3e− | → | In | +0.34 | Keefe |
Cu2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Cu(s) | +0.34 | Stretton |
Ag2O(s) + H2O + 2e− | → | 2Ag(s) + 2OH− | +0.342 | EMS |
HSeO3− + 6H+ + 6e− | → | HSe− + 3H2O | +0.349 | EMS |
SbO3− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | SbO2− + H2O | +0.353 | EMS |
SO42− + 8H+ + 6e− | → | S(s) + 4H2O | +0.357 | EMS |
VO2+ + 2H+ + e− | → | V3+ + H2O | +0.359 | EMS |
ClO4− + H2O + 2e− | → | ClO3− + 2OH− | +0.36 | Keefe |
[Fe(CN)6]3− + e− | → | [Fe(CN)4]4− | +0.36 | Keefe |
ClO4− + H2O + 2e− | → | ClO3− + 2OH− | +0.36 | EMS |
CrO42− + 2H+ + 3e− | → | CrO33− + H2O | +0.36 | EMS |
Fe(CN)63− + e− | → | Fe(CN)64− | +0.36 | EMS |
H2SeO3 + 6H+ + 6e− | → | H2Se(g) + 3H2O | +0.360 | EMS |
HTiO2− + 5H+ + 2e− | → | Ti2+ + 3H2O | +0.362 | EMS |
(CN)2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | 2HCN | +0.37 | EMS |
ReO4− + 8H+ + 7e− | → | Re(s) + 4H2O | +0.37 | EMS |
SnO32− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | HSnO2− + H2O | +0.374 | EMS |
H4P2O6 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | 2H3PO3 | +0.38 | EMS |
HSeO3− + 7H+ + 6e− | → | H2Se(g) + 3H2O | +0.386 | EMS |
WO42− + 4H+ + e− | → | WO2(s) + 2H2O | +0.386 | EMS |
HMoO4− + 7H+ + 3e− | → | Mo3+ + 4H2O | +0.390 | EMS |
O2 + 2H2O + 4e− | → | 4OH− | +0.40 | Keefe |
2ClO− + 2H2O + 2e− | → | Cl2(g) + 4OH− | +0.40 | EMS |
H2MoO4(aq) + 2H+ + e− | → | MoO2+ + 2H2O | +0.4 | EMS |
OsCl63− + e− | → | Os2+ + 6Cl− | +0.4 | EMS |
O2(g) + 2H2O + 4e− | → | 4OH− | +0.401 | EMS |
O2(g) + 2 H2O(l) + 4e− | → | 4 OH−(aq) | +0.401 | Stretton |
SeO32− + 7H+ + 6e− | → | HSe− + 3H2O | +0.414 | EMS |
S4O62− + 12H+ + 10e− | → | 4S(s) + 6H2O | +0.416 | EMS |
Hg2C2O4(s) + 2e− | → | 2Hg(l) + C2O42− | +0.42 | EMS |
H2AsO3− + 4H+ + 3e− | → | As(s) + 3H2O | +0.429 | EMS |
HMoO4− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | MoO2 + 2H2O | +0.429 | EMS |
MoVI + e− | → | MoV | +0.43 | EMS |
RhCl63− + 3e− | → | Rh(s) + 6Cl− | +0.44 | EMS |
ZnO22− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Zn(s) + 2H2O | +0.441 | EMS |
Ag2CrO4(s) + 2e− | → | 2Ag(s) + CrO42− | +0.446 | EMS |
SbO2− + 4H+ + 3e− | → | Sb(s) + 2H2O | +0.446 | EMS |
Ag2CrO4 + 2e− | → | 2Ag + CrO42− | +0.45 | Keefe |
2BrO− + 2H2O + 2e− | → | Br2(l) + 4OH− | +0.45 | EMS |
Ru2+ + 2e− | → | Ru(s) | +0.45 | EMS |
H2SO3 + 4H+ + 4e− | → | S(s) + 3H2O | +0.450 | EMS |
UO22+ + 2e− | → | UO2(s) | +0.45 | EMS |
SO2(aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 4e− | → | S(s) + 2 H2O(l) | +0.45 | Stretton |
SO2(g) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | S(s) + 2H2O | +0.451 | EMS |
W(CN)83− + e− | → | W(CN)84− | +0.457 | EMS |
NiOOH + H2O + e− | → | Ni(OH)2 + OH− | +0.49 | Keefe |
HFeO2− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | Fe(s) + 2H2O | +0.49 | EMS |
NiO2(s) + 2H2O + 2e− | → | Ni(OH)2(s) + 2OH− | +0.49 | EMS |
NiO2(s) + 2 H2O(l) + 2e− | → | Ni(OH)2 + 2 OH−(aq) | +0.49 | Stretton |
2HSO3− + 4H+ + 4e− | → | S2O32− + 3H2O | +0.491 | EMS |
MoO42− + 8H+ + 3e− | → | Mo3+ + 4H2O | +0.508 | EMS |
4H2SO3 + 4H+ + 6e− | → | S4O62− + 6H2O | +0.509 | EMS |
MnO42− + 2H2O + 2e− | → | MnO2(s) + 4OH− | +0.51 | EMS |
N2O(g) + H2O + 8H+ + 8e− | → | 2NH·H2O | +0.510 | EMS |
ReO4− + 4H+ + 3e− | → | ReO2(s) + 2H2O | +0.51 | EMS |
Cu+ + e− | → | Cu | +0.52 | Keefe |
Cu+ + e− | → | Cu(s) | +0.521 | EMS |
I3− + 3e− | → | 3I− | +0.53 | Keefe |
I2(s) + 2e− | → | 2I− | +0.535 | EMS |
I3− + 2e− | → | 3I− | +0.536 | EMS |
I2 + 2e− | → | 2I− | +0.54 | Keefe |
Cu2+ + Cl− + e− | → | CuCl(s) | +0.54 | EMS |
I2(s) + 2e− | → | 2 I−(aq) | +0.54 | Stretton |
UO2+ + 3H+ + e− | → | UOH3+ + H2O | +0.546 | EMS |
H3AsO4 + 3H+ + 2e− | → | AsO+ + 3H2O | +0.55 | EMS |
HTeO2+ + 3H+ + 4e− | → | Te(s) + 2H2O | +0.551 | EMS |
H3AsO4 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H3AsO3 + H2O | +0.559 | EMS |
MnO4− + e− | → | MnO42− | +0.56 | Keefe |
MnO4− + e− | → | MnO42− | +0.564 | EMS |
Te4+ + 4e− | → | Te(s) | +0.568 | EMS |
H3AsO4 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H3AsO3 + H2O | +0.577 | EMS |
H3AsO4 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H3AsO3 + H2O | +0.577 | EMS |
2H3AsO4 + 4H+ + 4e− | → | As2O3(s) + 5H2O | +0.58 | EMS |
4HSO3− + 8H+ + 6e− | → | S4O62− + 6H2O | +0.581 | EMS |
Sb2O5(s) + 6H+ + 4e− | → | 2SbO+ + 3 H2O | +0.581 | EMS |
HTeO4− + H+ + 2e− | → | TeO32− + H2O | +0.584 | EMS |
MnO4− + 2H2O + 3e− | → | MnO2(s) + 4OH− | +0.588 | EMS |
RuO4− + e− | → | RuO42− | +0.59 | EMS |
2AgO(s) + H2O + 2e− | → | Ag2O + OH− | +0.599 | EMS |
MnO42− + 2H2O + 2e− | → | MnO2 + 4OH− | +0.60 | Keefe |
MoO42− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | MoO2 + 2H2O | +0.606 | EMS |
HAsO42− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | H2AsO3− + H2O | +0.609 | EMS |
BrO3− + 3H2O + 6e− | → | Br− + 6OH− | +0.61 | EMS |
UO2+ + 4H+ + e− | → | U4+ + 2H2O | +0.612 | EMS |
Hg2SO4(s) + 2e− | → | 2Hg(l) + SO42− | +0.615 | EMS |
I2(aq) + 2e− | → | 2I− | +0.615 | EMS |
Hg2SO4 + 2e− | → | 2Hg + SO42− | +0.62 | Keefe |
CuO + 2H+ + e− | → | Cu+ + H2O | +0.62 | EMS |
PbO2(s) + H+ + 2e− | → | HPbO2− | +0.621 | EMS |
H2TeO4 + H+ + 2e− | → | HTeO3− + H2O | +0.631 | EMS |
Cu2+ + Br− + e− | → | CuBr(s) | +0.64 | EMS |
N2O(g) + 10H+ + 8e− | → | 2NH4+ + H2O | +0.647 | EMS |
AsO43− + 8H+ + 5e− | → | As(s) + 4H2O | +0.648 | EMS |
HNiO2− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | Ni(s) + 2H2O | +0.648 | EMS |
ClO2− + H2O + 2e− | → | ClO− + 2OH− | +0.66 | EMS |
H2AsO4− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | H3AsO3 + H2O | +0.666 | EMS |
Hg22+ + 2e− | → | 2Hg(l) | +0.674 | EMS |
SbO3− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | HSbO2 + H2O | +0.678 | EMS |
Fe3+ + e− | → | Fe2+ | +0.68 | EMS |
PtCl62− + 2e− | → | PtCl42− + 2Cl− | +0.68 | EMS |
RuCl3 + 3e− | → | Ru(s) + 3Cl− | +0.68 | EMS |
O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | H2O2 | +0.682 | EMS |
2H2AsO4− + 6H+ + 4e− | → | As2O3(s) + 5H2O | +0.687 | EMS |
O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e− | → | H2O2(aq) | +0.69 | Stretton |
Sb2O5(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Sb2O3(s) + 2H2O | +0.692 | EMS |
C6H4O2 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | C6H4(OH)2 | +0.696 | EMS |
C6H4O2 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | C6H4(OH)2 | +0.696 | EMS |
C6H4O2 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | C6H4(OH)2 | +0.696 | EMS |
C6H4O2 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | C6H4(OH)2 | +0.699 | EMS |
Fe3+ + e− | → | Fe2+ | +0.700 | EMS |
HPbO2− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | Pb(s) + 2H2O | +0.702 | EMS |
SbO3− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | SbO+ + 2H2O | +0.704 | EMS |
2SO32− + 6H+ + 4e− | → | S2O32− + 3H2O | +0.705 | EMS |
Fe(CN)63− + e− | → | Fe(CN)64− | +0.71 | EMS |
OsCl63− + 3e− | → | Os(s) + 6Cl− | +0.71 | EMS |
HTeO3− + 5H+ + 4e− | → | Te(s) + 3H2O | +0.713 | EMS |
Fe(CN)63− + e− | → | Fe(CN)64− | +0.72 | EMS |
Fe(CN)63− + e− | → | Fe(CN)64− | +0.72 | EMS |
SbO2− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | SbO− + H2O | +0.720 | EMS |
NO(g) + 5H+ + 5e− | → | NH·H2O | +0.727 | EMS |
PdO2 (s)+ H2O + 2e− | → | PdO(s) + 2OH− | +0.73 | EMS |
Pd(OH)4(s) + 2e− | → | Pd(OH)2(s) + 2OH− | +0.73 | EMS |
PtCl42− + 2e− | → | Pt(s) + 4Cl− | +0.73 | EMS |
Fe3+ + e− | → | Fe2+ | +0.732 | EMS |
H2SeO3 + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Se(s) + 3H2O | +0.740 | EMS |
SbV + 2e− | → | SbIII | +0.746 | EMS |
BrO− + H2O + 2e− | → | Br− + 2OH− | +0.76 | Keefe |
BrO− + H2O + 2e− | → | Br− + 2OH− | +0.76 | EMS |
NiS(s) + 2e− | → | Ni(s) + S2− | +0.76 | EMS |
Fe3+ + e− | → | Fe2+ | +0.77 | Keefe |
Ag+ + e− | → | Ag(s) | +0.77 | EMS |
IrCl63− + 3e− | → | Ir(s) + 6Cl− | +0.77 | EMS |
ReO4− + 2H+ + e− | → | ReO3(s) + 2H2O | +0.77 | EMS |
Fe3+(aq) + e− | → | Fe2+(aq) | +0.77 | Stretton |
Fe3+ + e− | → | Fe2+ | +0.771 | EMS |
2SbO3− + 6H+ + 4e− | → | Sb2O3(s) + 3H2O | +0.772 | EMS |
NO3− + 2H+ + e− | → | NO2(g) + H2O | +0.775 | EMS |
Hg22+ + 2e− | → | 2Hg(l) | +0.776 | EMS |
HSeO3− + 5H+ + 4e− | → | Se(s) + 3H2O | +0.778 | EMS |
AgF + e− | → | Ag + F− | +0.78 | Keefe |
Hg22+ + 2e− | → | 2Hg(l) | +0.788 | EMS |
3I2 + 2e− | → | 2I3− | +0.789 | EMS |
NO2− + 7H+ + 6e− | → | NH3(g) + 2H2O | +0.789 | EMS |
Hg22+ + 2e− | → | 2Hg | +0.79 | Keefe |
RuO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Ru(s) + 2H2O | +0.79 | EMS |
Ag+ + e− | → | Ag(s) | +0.792 | EMS |
Ag+ + e− | → | Ag(s) | +0.799 | EMS |
Ag+ + e− | → | Ag</td> | +0.80 | Keefe |
NO3− + 2H+ + e− | → | NO2 + H2O | +0.80 | Keefe |
2NO3− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | N2O4(g) + 2H2O | +0.80 | EMS |
Rh3+ + 3e− | → | Rh(s) | +0.8 | EMS |
2 NO3−(aq) + 4 H+(aq)+ 2e− | → | 2 NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) | +0.80 | Stretton |
Ag+(aq) + e− | → | Ag(s) | +0.80 | Stretton |
2WO42− + 6H+ + 2e− | → | W2O5(s) + 3H2O | +0.801 | EMS |
AuBr4− + 2e− | → | AuBr2− + 2Br− | +0.805 | EMS |
NO2− + 7H+ + 6e− | → | NH·H2O + H2O | +0.806 | EMS |
HTeO4− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | HTeO3− + H2O | +0.813 | EMS |
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | 2H2O | +0.815 | EMS |
SbV + 2e− | → | SbIII | +0.818 | EMS |
TeO32− + 6H+ + 4e− | → | Te(s) + 3H2O | +0.827 | EMS |
IrCl62− + 4e− | → | Ir(s) + 6Cl− | +0.835 | EMS |
NO3− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | NO2− + H2O | +0.835 | EMS |
NO(g) + 6H+ + 5e− | → | NH4+ + H2O | +0.836 | EMS |
SnO32− + 6H+ + 2e− | → | Sn2+ + 3H2O | +0.844 | EMS |
Os2+ + 2e− | → | Os(s) | +0.85 | EMS |
OsO4(s) + 8H+ + 8e− | → | Os(s) + 4H2O | +0.85 | EMS |
OsCl62− + e− | → | OsCl63− | +0.85 | EMS |
Hg2+ + 2e− | → | Hg(l) | +0.854 | EMS |
AuBr4− + 3e− | → | Au(s) + 4Br− | +0.858 | EMS |
Hg2+ + 2e− | → | Hg | +0.86 | Keefe |
Cu2+ + I− + e− | → | CuI(s) | +0.86 | EMS |
HNO2 + 7H+ + 6e− | → | NH4+ + 2H2O | +0.864 | EMS |
Rh2O3(s) + 6H+ + 6e− | → | 2Rh(s) + 3H2O | +0.87 | EMS |
HO2−(aq) + H2O(l)+ 2e− | → | 3 OH−(aq) | +0.87 | Stretton |
SeO32− + 6H+ + 4e− | → | Se(s) + 3H2O | +0.875 | EMS |
HO2− + H2O + 2e− | → | 3OH− | +0.88 | EMS |
HO2− + H2O + 2e− | → | 3OH− | +0.88 | EMS |
SeO42− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | SeO32− + H2O | +0.880 | EMS |
HAsO42− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | H3AsO3 + H2O | +0.881 | EMS |
ClO− + H2O + 2e− | → | Cl− + 2OH− | +0.89 | Keefe |
TeO42− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | TeO32− + H2O | +0.892 | EMS |
NO2(g) + e− | → | NO2− | +0.893 | EMS |
2HAsO42− + 8H+ + 4e− | → | As2O3(s) + 5H2O | +0.901 | EMS |
2Hg2+ + 2e− | → | Hg22+ | +0.907 | EMS |
FeOH2+ + H+ + e− | → | Fe2+ + H2O | +0.91 | EMS |
2 Hg2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Hg22+(aq) | +0.91 | Stretton |
PuO22+ + e− | → | PuO2+ | +0.916 | EMS |
2Hg2+ + 2e− | → | Hg22+ | +0.92 | Keefe |
2Hg2+ + 2e− | → | Hg22+ | +0.920 | EMS |
NO3− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | HNO2 + H2O | +0.92 | EMS |
H2TeO4 + 6H+ + 2e− | → | Te4+ + 4H2O | +0.920 | EMS |
AuCl4− + 2e− | → | AuCl2− + 2Cl− | +0.926 | EMS |
HgO(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Hg(l) + H2O | +0.93 | EMS |
IrO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | Ir(s) + H2O | +0.93 | EMS |
NO3− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | HNO2 + H2O | +0.94 | EMS |
NO3−(aq) + 3 H+(aq)+ 2e− | → | HNO2(g) + H2O(l) | +0.94 | Stretton |
MnO2(s) + 4H+ + e− | → | Mn3+ + 2H2O | +0.948 | EMS |
CrO42− + 4H+ + 3e− | → | CrO2− + 2H2O | +0.95 | EMS |
PdO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | PdO(s) + H2O | +0.95 | EMS |
H2TeO4 + 3H+ + 2e− | → | HTeO2+ + 2H2O | +0.953 | EMS |
NO3− + 4H+ + 3e− | → | NO + 2H2O | +0.96 | Keefe |
NO3− + 4H+ + 3e− | → | NO(g) + H2O | +0.96 | EMS |
PdCl62− + 4e− | → | Pd(s) + 6Cl− | +0.96 | EMS |
NO3−(aq) + 4 H+(aq)+ 3e− | → | NO(g) + 2 H2O(l) | +0.96 | Stretton |
AuBr2− + e− | → | Au(s) + 2Br− | +0.963 | EMS |
Pu4+ + e− | → | Pu3+ | +0.97 | Keefe |
Pu4+ + e− | → | Pu3+ | +0.970 | EMS |
IO3− + 4H+ + 4e− | → | IO− + 2H2O | +0.972 | EMS |
Pt(OH)2(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Pt(s) + 2H2O | +0.98 | EMS |
HIO + H+ + 2e− | → | I− + H2O | +0.987 | EMS |
Pd2+ + 2e− | → | Pd(s) | +0.987 | EMS |
PdBr62− + 2e− | → | PdBr42− + 2Br− | +0.994 | EMS |
V2O5 + 6H+ + 2e− | → | 2VO2+ + 3H2O | +0.998 | EMS |
FeO42− + 5H+ + 3e− | → | HFeO2 + 2H2O | +1.00 | EMS |
HNO2 + H+ + e− | → | NO(g) + H2O | +1.00 | EMS |
OsO4(s) + 8H+ + 6Cl− + 4e− | → | OsCl62− + 4H2O | +1.0 | EMS |
RuO4(s) + e− | → | RuO4− | +1.00 | EMS |
VO2+ + 2H+ + e− | → | VO2+ + H2O | +1.00 | EMS |
V(OH)4+ + 2H+ + e− | → | VO2+ + 3H2O | +1.00 | EMS |
AuCl4− + 3e− | → | Au(s) + 4Cl− | +1.002 | EMS |
2IBr(aq) + 2e− | → | I2(s) + 2Br− | +1.02 | EMS |
H2TeO4 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | TeO2(s) + 2H2O | +1.020 | EMS |
Te(OH)6(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | TeO2(s) + 4H2O | +1.02 | EMS |
V(OH)4+ + 2H+ + e− | → | VO2+ + 3H2O | +1.02 | EMS |
V(OH)4+ + 2H+ + e− | → | VO2+ + 3H2O | +1.02 | EMS |
IrCl62− + e− | → | IrCl63− | +1.026 | EMS |
PuO22+ + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Pu4+ + 2H2O | +1.04 | EMS |
NO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | NO(g) + H2O | +1.049 | EMS |
Br3− + 2e− | → | 3Br− | +1.05 | EMS |
2ICl2− + 2e− | → | I2(s) + 4Cl− | +1.056 | EMS |
Fe(C12H8N2)33+ + e− | → | Fe(C12H8N2)32+ | +1.06 | EMS |
Br2(l) + 2e− | → | 2Br− | +1.065 | EMS |
Br2(aq) + 2e− | → | 2 Br−(aq) | +1.07 | Stretton |
SeO42− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | HSeO3− + H2O | +1.075 | EMS |
HIO3 + 5H+ + 6e− | → | I− + 3H2O | +1.078 | EMS |
Br2(aq) + 2e− | → | 2Br− | +1.087 | EMS |
Br2 + 2e− | → | 2Br− | +1.09 | Keefe |
HSeO4− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | H2SeO3 + H2O | +1.090 | EMS |
NO2(g) + H+ + e− | → | HNO2 | +1.093 | EMS |
PtO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Pt(OH)2(s) | +1.1 | EMS |
HCuO2− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | Cu(s) + 2H2O | +1.13 | EMS |
Cr2O72− + 10H+ + 6e− | → | 2Cr(OH)2+ + 3H2O | +1.14 | EMS |
3HIO3 + 15H+ + 16e− | → | I3− + 9H2O | +1.145 | EMS |
Ir3+ + 3e− | → | Ir(s) | +1.15 | EMS |
SeO42− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | H2SeO3 + H2O | +1.15 | EMS |
AuCl2− + e− | → | Au(s) + 2Cl− | +1.154 | EMS |
IO3− + 6H+ + 4e− | → | I+ + 3H2O | +1.155 | EMS |
2HIO3 + 10H+ + 10e− | → | I2(s) + 6H2O | +1.169 | EMS |
Ag2O(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | 2Ag(s) + H2O | +1.173 | EMS |
2IO3− + 12H+ + 10e− | → | I2(aq) + 6H2O | +1.178 | EMS |
ClO4− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | ClO3− + H2O | +1.19 | EMS |
Fe(OH)2+ + 2H+ + e− | → | Fe2+ + 2H2O | +1.19 | EMS |
2ICl + 2e− | → | I2(s) + 2Cl− | +1.19 | EMS |
PdO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Pd2+ + 2H2O | +1.194 | EMS |
2IO3− + 12H+ + 10e− | → | I2(s) + 6H2O | +1.196 | EMS |
Pt2+ + 2e− | → | Pt | +1.20 | Keefe |
HCrO4− + 7H+ + 3e− | → | Cr3+ + 4H2O | +1.20 | EMS |
Pt2+ + 2e− | → | Pt(s) | +1.2 | EMS |
Pt2+(aq) + 2e− | → | Pt(s) | +1.20 | Stretton |
NO2− + 2H+ + e− | → | NO(g) + H2O | +1.202 | EMS |
HTeO4− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | TeO2(s) + 2H2O | +1.202 | EMS |
ClO3− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | HClO2 + H2O | +1.21 | EMS |
3HIO + 3H+ + 4e− | → | I3− + 3H2O | +1.213 | EMS |
HIO4 + 7H+ + 8e− | → | I− + 4H2O | +1.215 | EMS |
2ICl(s) + 2e− | → | I2(s) + 2Cl− | +1.22 | EMS |
MnO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Mn2+ + 2H2O | +1.22 | EMS |
PdO3(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | PdO2(s) + H2O | +1.22 | EMS |
2NO2(g) + 6H+ + 6e− | → | N2O(g) + 3H2O | +1.229 | EMS |
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | 2H2O | +1.229 | EMS |
ClO4− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | ClO3− + H2O | +1.23 | Keefe |
MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Mn2+ + 2H2O | +1.23 | Keefe |
O2 + 4H+ + 4e− | → | 2H2O | +1.23 | Keefe |
MnO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Mn2+ + 2H2O | +1.23 | EMS |
MnO2(s) + 4 H+(aq) + 2e− | → | Mn2+(aq) + 2 H2O(l) | +1.23 | Stretton |
O2(g) + 4 H+(aq) + 4e− | → | 2 H2O(l) | +1.23 | Stretton |
MnO42− + 5H+ + 2e− | → | HMnO2− + 2H2O | +1.234 | EMS |
IO4− + 7H+ + 6e− | → | HIO + 3H2O | +1.235 | EMS |
2VO43− + 10H+ + 4e− | → | V2O3 + 5H2O | +1.238 | EMS |
O3 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | O2 + H2O | +1.24 | Keefe |
IO3− + 2Cl− + 6H+ + 4e− | → | ICl2− + 3H2O | +1.24 | EMS |
O3(g) + H2O + 2e− | → | O2(g) + 2OH− | +1.24 | EMS |
O3(g) + H2O(l) + 2e− | → | O2(g) + 2 OH−(aq) | +1.24 | Stretton |
Tl3+ + 2e− | → | Tl+ | +1.25 | EMS |
VO43− + 6H+ + 2e− | → | VO+ + 3H2O | +1.256 | EMS |
Cr2O72− + 12H+ + 6e− | → | 2CrOH2+ + 5H2O | +1.26 | EMS |
2AsO43− + 10H+ + 4e− | → | As2O3(s) + 5H2O | +1.27 | EMS |
3HIO4 + 21H+ + 22e− | → | I3− + 12H2O | +1.276 | EMS |
HCrO4− + 6H+ + 3e− | → | CrOH2+ + 3H2O | +1.28 | EMS |
CrO42− + 6H+ + 3e− | → | Cr(OH)2+ + 2H2O | +1.28 | EMS |
2Hg(OH)2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Hg22+ + 4H2O | +1.28 | EMS |
2ICl3(s) + 6e− | → | I2(s) + 6Cl− | +1.28 | EMS |
HIO52− + 9H+ + 8e− | → | I− + 5H2O | +1.288 | EMS |
PdCl62− + 2e− | → | PdCl42− + 2Cl− | +1.288 | EMS |
HIO4 + 6H+ + 6e− | → | HIO + 3H2O | +1.290 | EMS |
2HNO2 + 4H+ + 4e− | → | N2O(g) + 3H2O | +1.297 | EMS |
2HIO4 + 14H+ + 14e− | → | I2(s) + 8H2O | +1.300 | EMS |
TiO22+ + H+ + 4e− | → | HTiO2− | +1.303 | EMS |
IO− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | I− + H2O | +1.313 | EMS |
Cr2O72− +14H+ + 6e− | → | 2Cr3+ + 7H2O | +1.33 | Keefe |
HBrO3 + 3H+ + 4e− | → | BrO− + 2H2O | +1.33 | EMS |
Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 6e− | → | 2Cr3+ + 7H2O | +1.33 | EMS |
Cr2O72−(aq) + 14 H+(aq)+ 6e− | → | 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l) | +1.33 | Stretton |
2HIO + 2H+ + 2e− | → | I2(s) + 2H2O | +1.354 | EMS |
3HIO52− + 27H+ + 22e− | → | I3− + 15H2O | +1.357 | EMS |
Cl2(g) + 2e− | → | 2Cl− | +1.359 | EMS |
Cl2 + 2e− | → | 2Cl− | +1.36 | Keefe |
Cl2(g) + 2e− | → | 2 Cl−(aq) | +1.36 | Stretton |
2NO2(g) + 8H+ + 8e− | → | N2(g) + 4H2O | +1.363 | EMS |
2HIO52− + 18H+ + 14e− | → | I2(s) + 10H2O | +1.384 | EMS |
HIO52− + 8H+ + 6e− | → | HIO + 4H2O | +1.389 | EMS |
Cl2(aq) + 2e− | → | 2Cl− | +1.39 | EMS |
2ClO4− + 16H+ + 14e− | → | Cl2(g) + 8H2O | +1.39 | EMS |
2NO2− + 6H+ + 4e− | → | N2O(g) + 3H2O | +1.396 | EMS |
Au3+ + 3e− | → | Au | +1.40 | Keefe |
CrO42− + 7H+ + 3e− | → | CrOH2+ + 3H2O | +1.40 | EMS |
RhO2 + 4H+ + 6Cl− + e− | → | RhCl63− + 2H2O | +1.4 | EMS |
RhO2+ + 2H+ + e− | → | Rh3+ + H2O | +1.40 | EMS |
2AgO(s) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Ag2O + H2O | +1.41 | EMS |
Au3+ + 2e− | → | Au+ | +1.41 | EMS |
HBrO3 + 5H+ + 6e− | → | Br− + 3H2O | +1.42 | EMS |
Au3+(aq) + 3e− | → | Au(s) | +1.42 | Stretton |
BrO3− + 6H+ + 6e− | → | Br− + 3H2O | +1.44 | EMS |
Ce(SO4)32− + e− | → | Ce3+ + 3SO42− | +1.44 | EMS |
F2O + 2H+ + 2e− | → | F2(g) + H2O | +1.44 | EMS |
BrO3−(aq) + 6 H+(aq)+ 6e− | → | Br−(aq) + 3 H2O(l) | +1.44 | Stretton |
2HNO2 + 6H+ + 6e− | → | N2(g) + 4H2O | +1.454 | EMS |
PbO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Pb2+ + 2H2O | +1.455 | EMS |
HBrO3 + 4H+ + 4e− | → | HBrO + 2H2O | +1.46 | EMS |
RhO42− + 6H+ + 2e− | → | RhO2+ + 3H2O | +1.46 | EMS |
PbO2(s) + 4 H+(aq) + 2e− | → | Pb2+(aq) + 2 H2O(l) | +1.46 | Stretton |
3HBrO3 + 15H+ + 16e− | → | Br3− + 9H2O | +1.462 | EMS |
2ClO3− + 12H+ + 10e− | → | Cl2(g) + 3H2O | +1.47 | EMS |
2HBrO2 + 10H+ + 10e− | → | Br2(l) + 6H2O | +1.48 | EMS |
MnO4−(aq) + 8 H+(aq)+ 5e− | → | Mn2+(aq) + 4 H2O(l) | +1.49 | Stretton |
Au3+ + 3e− | → | Au(s) | +1.50 | EMS |
O3(g) + 6H+ + 6e− | → | 3H2O | +1.501 | EMS |
MnO4− + 8H+ + 4e− | → | Mn3+ + 4H2O | +1.506 | EMS |
TeO42− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | TeO2(s) + 2H2O | +1.509 | EMS |
Mn3+ + e− | → | Mn2+ | +1.51 | Keefe |
MnO4− + 8H+ + 5e− | → | Mn2+ + 4H2O | +1.51 | Keefe |
Mn3+ + e− | → | Mn2+ | +1.51 | EMS |
MnO4− + 8H+ + 5e− | → | Mn2+ + 4H2O | +1.51 | EMS |
Mn3+(aq) + e− | → | Mn2+(aq) | +1.51 | Stretton |
2BrO3− + 12H+ + 10e− | → | Br2(l) + 6H2O | +1.52 | EMS |
CuO22− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Cu(s) + 2H2O | +1.52 | EMS |
2NO2− + 8H+ + 6e− | → | N2(g) + 4H2O | +1.520 | EMS |
PbO32− + 3H+ + e− | → | HPbO2− + H2O | +1.547 | EMS |
FeO42− + 6H+ + 3e− | → | Fe(OH)2+ + 2H2O | +1.56 | EMS |
2HBrO + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Br2(l) + 2H2O | +1.59 | EMS |
MnIII + e− | → | MnII | +1.59 | EMS |
2NO(g) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | N2O(g) + H2O | +1.591 | EMS |
NiO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Ni2+ + 2H2O | +1.593 | EMS |
2HBrO + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Br2 + 2H2O | +1.60 | Keefe |
H5IO6 + H+ + 2e− | → | IO3− + 3H2O | +1.601 | EMS |
Bi2O5(s) + 6H+ + 4e− | → | 2BiO+ + 3H2O | +1.605 | EMS |
Ce4+ + e− | → | Ce3+ | +1.61 | Keefe |
Ce(NO3)62− + e− | → | Ce3+ + 6NO3− | +1.61 | EMS |
HIO4 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | HIO3 + H2O | +1.626 | EMS |
2HClO + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Cl2 + 2H2O | +1.63 | Keefe |
2HClO + 2H+ + 2e− | → | Cl2(g) + H2O | +1.63 | EMS |
2 HOCl(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2e− | → | Cl2(g) + 2 H2O(l) | +1.63 | Stretton |
HClO2 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | HClO + H2O | +1.64 | EMS |
FeO42− + 7H+ + 3e− | → | FeOH2+ + 3H2O | +1.65 | EMS |
MnIV + e− | → | MnIII | +1.65 | EMS |
IO4− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | IO3− + H2O | +1.653 | EMS |
Pb4+ + 2e− | → | Pb2+ | +1.67 | Keefe |
2NO(g) + 4H+ + 4e− | → | N2(g) + 2H2O | +1.678 | EMS |
MnO4− + 4H+ + 3e− | → | MnO2(s) | +1.679 | EMS |
Au+ + e− | → | Au(s) | +1.68 | EMS |
PbO2(s) + 4H+ + SO42− + 2e− | → | PbSO4(s) + 2H2O | +1.685 | EMS |
Au+ + e− | → | Au | +1.69 | Keefe |
PbO2(s) + SO42−(aq)+ 4 H+(aq) + 2e− | → | PbSO4(s)+ 2 H2O(l) | +1.69 | Stretton |
Pb4+ + 2e− | → | Pb2+ | +1.694 | EMS |
MnO4− + 4H+ + 3e− | → | MnO2(s) | +1.695 | EMS |
MnO4−(aq) + 4 H+(aq)+ 3e− | → | MnO2(s) + 2 H2O(l) | +1.695 | Stretton |
Bi2O5(s) + 8H+ + 4e− | → | 2BiOH2+ + 3H2O | +1.700 | EMS |
Ce(ClO4)62− + e− | → | Ce3+ + 6ClO4− | +1.70 | EMS |
FeO42− + 8H+ + 3e− | → | Fe3+ + 4H2O | +1.70 | EMS |
3IO− + 6H+ + 4e− | → | I3− + 3H2O | +1.701 | EMS |
Ce(OH)3+ + H+ + e− | → | Ce3+ + H2O | +1.71 | EMS |
Ce(OH)22+ + 2H+ + e− | → | Ce3+ + 2H2O | +1.73 | EMS |
HCuO2− + 3H+ + e− | → | Cu+ + 2H2O | +1.73 | EMS |
Co2O3(s) + 6H+ + 2e− | → | 2Co2+ + 3H2O | +1.75 | EMS |
Ni2O3(s) + 6H+ + 2e− | → | 2Ni2+ + 3H2O | +1.753 | EMS |
Bi2O5(s) + 10H+ + 4e− | → | 2Bi3+ + 5H2O | +1.759 | EMS |
N2O(g) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | N2(g) + H2O | +1.766 | EMS |
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | 2H2O | +1.77 | EMS |
H2O2(aq) + 2 H+(aq)+ 2e− | → | 2 H2O(l) | +1.77 | Stretton |
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | 2H2O | +1.776 | EMS |
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | 2H2O | +1.78 | Keefe |
2HCuO2− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Cu2O(s) + 3H2O | +1.78 | EMS |
NaBiO3(s) + 4H+ + 2e− | → | BiO+ + Na+ + H2O | +1.80 | EMS |
NiO42− + 8H+ + 4e− | → | Ni2+ + 4H2O | +1.8 | EMS |
TiO22+ + 2H+ + 2e− | → | TiO2+ + H2O | +1.800 | EMS |
Co3+ + e− | → | Co2+ | +1.808 | EMS |
Co3+ + e− | → | Co2+ | +1.81 | Keefe |
Co3+(aq) + e− | → | Co2+(aq) | +1.82 | Stretton |
HIO52− + 3H+ + 2e− | → | IO3− + 2H2O | +1.898 | EMS |
Ni3O4(s) + 8H+ + 2e− | → | 3Ni2+ + 4H2O | +1.977 | EMS |
Ag2+ + e− | → | Ag+ | +1.98 | Keefe |
Ag2+ + e− | → | Ag+ | +1.998 | EMS |
PbO32− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | PbO(s) + 2H2O | +2.001 | EMS |
2IO− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | I2(s) + 2H2O | +2.005 | EMS |
S2O82− + 2e− | → | 2SO42− | +2.01 | EMS |
AgO+ + 2H+ + e− | → | Ag2+ + H2O | +2.016 | EMS |
S2O82− + 2e− | → | 2SO4− | +2.05 | Keefe |
S2O82−(aq) + 2e− | → | 2 SO42−(aq) | +2.05 | Stretton |
O3 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | O2 + H2O | +2.07 | Keefe |
O3(g) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | O2(g) + H2O | +2.07 | EMS |
O3(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e− | → | O2(g) + H2O(l) | +2.08 | Stretton |
2BrO− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | Br2(l) + 2H2O | +2.09 | EMS |
Pb3O4(s) + 8H+ + 2e− | → | 3Pb2+ + 3H2O | +2.094 | EMS |
Co3O4(s) + 8H+ + 2e− | → | 3Co2+ + 4H2O | +2.11 | EMS |
F2O + 4H+ + 4e− | → | 2HF + H2O | +2.12 | EMS |
S2O82− + 2H+ + 2e− | → | 2HSO4− | +2.123 | EMS |
F2O + 2H+ + 4e− | → | 2F− + H2O | +2.15 | EMS |
MnO42− + 4H+ + 2e− | → | MnO2(s) + 2H2O | +2.257 | EMS |
PbO32− + 6H+ + 2e− | → | Pb2+ + 3H2O | +2.375 | EMS |
CuO22− + 4H+ + e− | → | Cu+ + 2H2O | +2.51 | EMS |
3PbO32− + 10H+ + 4e− | → | Pb3O4(s) + 5H2O | +2.515 | EMS |
2CuO22− + 6H+ + 2e− | → | Cu2O(s) + 3H2O | +2.56 | EMS |
F2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | 2HF | +2.81 | EMS |
F2 + 2e− | → | 2F− | +2.87 | Keefe |
F2(g) + 2e− | → | 2F− | +2.87 | EMS |
F2(g) + 2e− | → | 2F−(aq) | +2.87 | Stretton |
Ba2+ + 2e− | → | Ba | +2.91 | Keefe |
H4XeO6 + 2H+ + 2e− | → | XeO3 + 3H2O | +3.0 | Keefe |
F2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− | → | 2HF(aq) | +3.06 | EMS |
Documents that use the notion of reduction potential include reference 1 and reference 2.